مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
سال دوازدهم شماره 10 (پیاپی 57، دی 1392)

Natural radioactivity has been the subject of studies for many years. The mean of radiation doses of human from natural sources is about 2. 5 mSv/year، but in some regions in the world this value is many times greater than the world mean. Ramsar، a city in Iran، is one of the most important high natural background areas of the world. According to UNSCEAR 2000 report، maximum and mean of the background radiation in Ramsar are 260 and 10. 2 mSv/y، respectively. In this study، the high natural radiation effects on the peripheral blood cells of inhabitants of Ramsar was investigated. In this cross- sectional study 60 healthy residents of HBRA (High Background Radiation Area) and OBRA (Ordinary Background Radiation Area) were randomly selected. Then، a questionnaire designated to gather confounding factors such as age، sex، pregnancy، medications، operations history، cancer and immune related diseases، was filled by interview. Radiation dose rates of their homes were measured by calibrated dosimeter. Two cc fresh peripheral blood of the participants was taken in sterile conditions and the cell count was performed by automatic hematology analyzer (sysmex kx-21، Japan). Although the radiation doses received by HBRA inhabitants especially Tulesh Ramsar were significantly higher than OBRA inhabitants، blood cells count between the two groups were not significantly different. Despit the high background doses of the people of the region it is concluded that maybe the blood cell proliferation has been adapted by the living situation.

Some evidence have indicated the role of nutrition in the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. So، the aim of this observational study was to compare the intakes of energy and nutrients of women who developed gestational hypertension with healthy pregnant women. This case-control study was performed on 113 women with gestational hypertension and 150 healthy pregnant women referring to Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital of obstetrics and gynecology located in south of Tehran from January through May 2011. All subjects were interviewed for demographic information، and the dietary intakes of participants were assessed by Validated Semi-quantitative food frequency. Student’s t test and Mann-whitney U test were used to compare quantitative variables between groups and X2 test for qualitative variables. Finally logistic regression analysis was utilized to find the association of energy and nutrients intakes with gestational hypertension. Intakes of energy (OR=1. 38; 95% CI: 1. 19-1. 59)، mono unsaturated fatty acids (OR= 1. 35; 95% CI: 1. 06-1. 71) and poly unsaturated fatty acids (OR= 1. 28; 95% CI: 1. 01-1. 64) showed a significant positive association with developing gestational hypertension. In addition، results of the present investigation revealed a somewhat lower risk of gestational hypertension with higher intakes of vitamin C (OR= 0. 88; 95% CI: 0. 82-0. 94)، potassium (OR= 0. 45; 95% CI: 0. 29-0. 71) and magnesium (OR= 0. 64; 95% CI: 0. 49-0. 84). This study demonstrated higher intakes of energy، mono unsaturated fatty acids and poly unsaturated fatty acids and lower intakes of vitamin C، potassium and magnesium are possible risk factors for developing gestational hypertension.

Anhedonia is one of the most important and prevalent problems in depression and schizophrenia. Thus the aim of this study was the investigation of the validity and reliability of Snaith–Hamilton Anhedonia Scale. The present research is of survey type، with the aim of Validation. The participants of the study were 209 (65 males، 144 females) students of university of Isfahan who were randomly selected. Content validity، item–total correlation، subtest-total correlation، and factor analysis were used to investigate the validity of Anhedonia Scale. Alfa cronbach split- half coefficient was used to investigate the reliability of the scale. Resuls: The average age of the participants was 20 and standard deviation of the sample was 1. 16. The sample consisted of 68. 9% females and 31. 1% males. The factor analysis of the scale demostrated four general factors food/drink، social interaction، interests/past times and sensory experience. These four factos specified 69. 09% out of total variance of questions. Item – total correlation were meaningful in all cases and vary from 0. 40 to 0. 77. Subtest –total correlation were calculated at 0. 72 for food/drink، 0. 82 for social interaction، 0. 89 for sensory experience and 0. 68 for interest/past times (p<0. 001). Additionally، the reliability of the scale was obtained in item – total and substans from 59% to 86% using Alfa cronbach. The split-half cofficient of the scale was obtained at 89%. The results showed that Anhedonia Scale enjoys psychometric satiafaction properties for the used past time in the students of University of Isfahan.

Studies indicate that hospitals can prepare required background for participation of employees in order to achieve organizational goals through improvement of «Strategic Alignment»، «meaningful work» and «employee engagement. This study has been designed and implemented to evaluate aforementioned variables in Hasheminejad Hospital in Tehran. This Research was a cross-sectional study. Population included 424 staff of nursing، administrative (human resource and finance) as well as auxiliary and paramedical، out of which a sample size of 202 was calculated. Samples were selected randomly in proportion to the number of people in each class. A questionnaire was applied to collect the data. Finally Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including tables and comparative analysis. In total 172 employees participated in this study. Based on the results Mean±SD scores for the strategic alignment was 31. 90±4. 47 out of 40، meaningful work was 32. 42±4. 77 out of 40، and Mean±SD score for employee engagement was to be calculated 54. 19±7. 34 out of 70. Three variables under study show fairly desirable results. Cooperative goal setting، jobs’ allocation in the organization in terms of staff expertise and experience، considering the financial and spiritual needs of employees and allowing them to have control over their work process play a significant role in the development capabilities of human resources and improvement of each variable.

Colors are complex structural materials، which enter into the environment due to finishing processes of textiles such as dyeing and printing. Reactive Blue 19 dye is used widely in the textile industry within the country. Therefore، we investigated the efficiency of the Russian knapweed flower powder as natural adsorbent in the removal of Reactive Blue 19 dye from synthetic textile wastewater. This experimental study was performed in laboratory scale. In this study، the effect of adsorbent dose، contact time، pH and different dye concentrations on efficiency of adsorption process has been studied and finally، correspondence rate of data to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics were determined. For analysis of the data liner regression and R2 parameter and design of curves were used. According to the obtained results، increasing of adsorbent dose from 0. 2 to 0. 6 gr/100ml in concentrations of 10 and 25 mg/l RB19 led to an increase in the of removal efficiency from 77% to 88% and from 72% to 82%. Adsorption capacity by increasing of initial pH from 4 to 10 for concentrations of 10 and 25 mg/l has increased from 0. 28 to 1. 64 mg/g and from 2. 3 to 3. 945 mg/g، respectively. Obtained results showed that with the increase of contact time، removal efficiency increased and with increasing of initial dye concentration، removal efficiency decreased. According the to obtained results، Langmuir isotherm was in good concordance with the 1`data. The model of pseudo-second-order kinetic has shown better agreement with the experimental data. The results indicated the suitability of Russian knapweed flower powder as natural adsorbent for color removal.

Nurses are among the people who are exposed to insomnia and irregular sleep-wake patterns; the reduced quantity and quality of sleep can have negative effects on their performance. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sleep quality and general health of nurses in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2012. This cross-sectional study was performed on 388 nurses working in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. The collected data included demographic questionnaire، general health questionnaires (General Health Questionnaire -28) and sleep quality questionnaire (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). Logistic regression was used to assess the general health، quality of sleep and their relationships. The results of this study showed that the quality of sleep of nurses declined with: increase in age (p=0. 048); being female (p=0. 002); and increase in the number of night shifts (p=0. 015). The results showed a statistically significant relationship between sleep quality and general health (p=0. 00007). General health of nurses also declined with: being female (p=0. 048) and increase in the number of night shifts (p=0. 023). Four subscales of public health (Physical، Social، Anxiety، and Depression) were also investigated. Fifty three point seven precent of nurses experienced high anxiety; among the four subscales، anxiety was the most susceptible on other factors and became higher with: increase in the number of night shifts (p=0. 023); reduced sleep quality (p=0. 00001); and being female (p=0. 037). Attention to individual and occupational factors such as age، sex، marital status and number of night shifts can improve sleep quality and general health in nurses and ultimately promote the quality of care in patients.

Oxytocin is one of the most common drugs in obstetrics for induction or augmentation of labor. Recent studies show that oxytocin is used in over 50% of women in labor. This study aimed to compare the effect of high and low doses of oxytocin for labor induction on labor outcome. This single-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 120 pregnant women who had indications for labor induction. Patients were randomized into two groups of oxytocin regimen: high dose (6 mU/min، n=60) and low dose (2. 5 mU/min، n=60). The groups were compared in terms of labor duration، type of delivery، and the impacts on maternal and neonatal outcome as well as maternal satisfaction with the labor process. Data were analyzed using independent two-sample t-test for quantitative variables and X2 test for categorical variables. Mean duration of first stage of labor in low-dose and high-dose groups were 189. 21 ± 61. 57 and 125. 72 ± 38. 53 min، respectively (p<0. 001). The level of satisfaction was higher among the high-dose group، so much so that 37 (61. 7%) women in high-dose group versus 17 (28. 3%) in low-dose group were satisfied with their labor (p=0. 002). Regarding the trend in reduction of labor time which may lead to decrease in cesarean rate، it seems that administration of higher doses of oxytocin may lead to shorter duration of active phase of labor without any negative neonatal effects.

The accumulating evidence indicates that systemic inflammation is related with obesity and type II diabetes. In the present study، serum adiponectin and insulin sensitivity responses to a short-time exercise test were investigated in type II diabetic patients. In this semi-experimental study، fasting level of serum adiponectin، glucose، insulin sensitivity، total cholesterol (TC)، triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were compared in adult males with type 2 diabetic (n= 15، 42. 50±5. 34 year) and none-diabetic (n= 15، 41. 33±4. 26 year) patients. In addition، the responses of these variables to a short-time exercise test were measured in diabetic patients. In diabetic patients، serum adiponectin (5. 33±0. 48 versus 10. 58±0. 83) and insulin sensitivity (0. 48±0. 01 versus 0. 66±0. 02) was lower and glucose (242. 33±19 versus 97. 28±5)، insulin (8. 52±0. 53 versus 6. 14±0. 48) and cholesterol (203. 16±11 versus 135. 65±19) was higher than non-diabetic subjects (p<0. 05). Exercise test led to significant increase in serum adiponectin (5. 33±0. 48 versus 7. 33±0. 67) and significant decrease in glucose (242. 33±19 versus 217. 46±21)، TG/HDL (3. 90±0. 57 versus 3. 57±0. 56)، TC/HDL (4. 29±0. 11 versus 4. 01±0. 12) without changes in insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients. Type 2 diabetic patients have lower adiponectin and insulin sensitivity than non-diabetic subjects. A short- term exercise test increases serum adiponectin in the absence of change in the insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients.